Womans Struggle For Independence Essay - 1113 Words

Womans Struggle for Independence Women have had to fight for there independence. They have been repressed for a long period of history. Only recently have women started to gain respect as equals and individuals. Even today women are still looked down upon for there sex. From the begging of history women have been viewed as a lesser sex. In the time Mesopotamia women we in charge of the children and the home. In Ancient Egypt women had no power or authority. Women were viewed as property. The Hebrews, alto respecting women, did not allow them to own any property or to have an active place in government. In Rome women were not allowed to voice there opinions. They were viewed as lesser beings, whos role in society was to give birth and†¦show more content†¦They fought so that they could be intellectual individuals, and not just slaves to the male dominated society. They started thinking for themselves, having there own thoughts and ideas. In the modern 20th century women used the example of these women as arguments to push there cause. When the idea of Nationalism began bringing countries together it helped women slightly. Yet still did not make them there equality to men. In the time of the Industrial Revolution women began receiving jobs in factories. Alto they were still not treated as equals. They were paid significantly less than men for the same days work. The majority of women still stayed at home and took care of the household and children. The idea of socialism brought women more respect. With the idea of socialism women gained some standing in society as close equals to men. In a socialistic society everyone is equal, including women. This idea of equality women in the past could not even in vision. As the battle for womens rights continued they gained the right in the United States to live freely. They could now own land and participate in the government. At the end of the 19th century women began to become educated. They began to prove there intellectual equality to men. As World War I came around women began to enter the workforce. With the men being killed in time of war it left a limited number of men to work in the factories. Women began toShow MoreRelatedMirror by Sylvia Plath817 Words   |  3 Pagesclaims to reflect the truth, and by insinuation, the patriarchal perception of a woman’s existence, her value only as a beautiful entity, and her insignificance when she is no longer youthful and attractive. In contrast to the male’s classification of womanhood, which venerates beauty and youth, the persona looks inside to ascertain the true self, what she was as a person and what she has become, maturing by age. 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Analysis Of The Body And Mind - 855 Words

Protocol Paper 3 – Body and Mind RECALL: In the Body and Mind chapter by Rachels it goes over many points. 1) Mind-Body dualism in a way to solve the mind-body problem, explains the relationship between mind and body facts. 2) It also points out the problems with mind-body dualism it is hard to see how a nonphysical mind could interact with a physical body. 3) Rachels points out that the mind-body dualism has largely disappeared from science and philosophy because it did not fit the emerging scientific picture of human beings. 4) The Materialist theories of the mind along with the first materialist theory which is Behaviorism and the failure of behaviorism, then along with the mind-brain identity with the development of the theory that we distinguish between the type-type identity and the token-token identity and following is the Functionalism and that it anything complex will have a mind and the physical composition doesn’t matter. Then Rachels goes over the doubts of the materialist theories with subjectiv ity and its intentions. 5) Finally Rachels goes over that the problem between the relationship of the bod and mind is that no one knows how to solve the problem. SUMMARY: Chapter 6: Body and Mind discusses the philosophy of the body and its connection to the mind. James and Stuart Rachels begin discussing Renà © Descartes, and his theory of Mind–Body Dualism. 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Strategic Management Solution on Singtel Telecommunications Free Solut

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Singtel Telecommunications. Answer: Introduction: The telecommunication industry was initially based on the traditional telephone calls to generate revenue. Today operators today are focussing on the benefits of 4G. Thus mobile and internet services have become important to the revenue that these companies make. Porter (2008, p. 13; Hubbard Beamish 2011, p. 13), argues that the internet has become the most important element of the value chain in the communication sector. In 2000 the Singapore government introduced full market competition by removing limits on licenses with operators having the freedom to decide the range of services to offer. Singtel has five main components in the supply chain: suppliers, infrastructure, operations, products, and distribution. The company runs its telecommunication network in areas of mobile, fixed broadband, digital sales and managed services. Under this value chain, the company has three business units group digital life, group consumer and group enterprise (Sigtel 2016, pp. 6). Group consumer is the largest business unit accounting for 61.3% of the companys revenue. The investments are vast within Singapore but extend to other countries like Australia, Thailand, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Bangladesh and Africa. The services under this business unit provide pay TV, fixed broadband, mobile, and voice data. The consumer division in Singapore has a customer subscriber base of 4.1 million subscribers, 0.6 million on broadband, 0.4 million pay TV subscribers. This makes SingTel to rely on a broad market that has kept the company moving. Group enterprise accounts for 36.7% of the companys revenue, by providing IT solutions to both corporate and the government. With these, they provide services in cyber security, Enterprise cloud services and smart cities. This is further driven by the fact that the country is under transformation to a smart nation across the Asian region. Group digital life is the next trend that the company is focussing on interconnectivity nature of the consumer. The mobile and Internet usage within the country is growing fast which made the company position itself in three major areas of digital marketing, video streaming, and data analytics. With these three segments, the company uses three brands of HOOQ, Amobee and data spark. Key competencies of SingTel Singtel is one of the market leaders in Singapore in mobile and broadband markets. The company has 47% market share in the mobile market with a total market share of approximately 3.98 million customers. The company operates a 4G network within the country and was the first telecommunication company to make it accessible t customers. This enables internet users to browse at high speed of 150mbs. The company has further enjoyed benefiting from the infrastructure within the country by giving 52% of the shares to the government. Due to this, the provider posses licenses for all mobile services under a non-exclusive basis. With this, the operator has increased its operation base and spread across Australia to give similar services. With the exclusive rights that the company has, it controls patent rights within that give competitive advantage. Since the government is the regulator, the licensing As one of the market leaders in the sector, Signet has three approaches that target its growth strategy to increase profitability. The company has started by initiating foreign investments in other countries. With this, the company has advanced its acquisition advanced info service, Bharti, Airtel Group, Globe Telecom and Telkomsel. This has thus increased the profitability of the company and made it a global giant in Singapore. This strategy is aimed at growing the international market to increase business opportunities due to Macro environmental analysis of the Indonesian market The telecommunication industry has changed since the last 20 years from government monopoly to open industries. This has increased competition due to the emergence of international giants in the sector. The telecommunication industry has become one of the booming industries in the world. The business environment consists of both the micro and macro environments that a business operates. The micro environment entails the competitors, customers, marketing intermediaries and competitors; they are the strengths and weaknesses that the organization has partial control over (Barney 1991, p. 9). However, macro environment entails external factors like economic trends, demographic factors, technological factor, political factors and cultural factors. They are the opportunities and threats that any business experiences with lack of control over them. The macro environment of an industry is analysed through carrying out a PESTLE analysis (Hoy Stanworth 2003, p.21). Political factors are a result of government regulations that impact the telecommunication industry. Singapore law restricts tariffs that are set by the telecommunication industry. Every country protects its citizens by setting certain regulations that tend to control the industry. Laws and legislations passed by the government affect the industry by setting restrictions and tariffs that need to be observed (Rothaermel 2012, p. 7). Economic factors are based on GDP and the interest rates that exist within a particular economy. Businesses that are in serious competition need to stay and resist economic challenges. Tariffs are also a result of the economic trends within the country. Economic policies like debts and fluctuations affect the business directly. The cash flows are based on the dollar, Euro and Rupiah which affect conversion rates and thus affecting the industry. Indonesia and Singapore also enjoy bilateral relations that have made Singapore the top investor in Indonesia which increases opportunities for SingTel (Reutterer, Mild, Natter and Taudes 2006, p. 47). Social factors are based on the way customers utilize the available services. It has become a global concern that the onset of mailing and digital imaging changed the sector. The rise of Skype and social media changed the traditional communication sector with people also changing communication trends. Trends in communication in Indonesia match trends in other markets where telecommunication services are investing heavily in band width and internet services to satisfy customers. The country has a steadily growing population at a rate of 1.1% which gives market for the provider. Majority of the population are young people who need modern technologies. The increasing youthful population utilises more data than the larger population. SingTel has to invest heavily in modern technologies like 4G that will enable the youth to utilise the services (Cavusgil, Knight Riesenberger 2008, p.12; Barney 2001, p. 43). Technological factors have been a major contributor on how telecommunication companies operate and survive in the market. Technology has changed the world making companies to invest heavily in new technologies to satisfy the customer base. The country demographic nature has made 4G investment expensive. However the need for higher speed means it has to invest in 4G. Singtel Indonesia has increased its connectivity by being the first internet provider in the country to set up 4G services. Furthermore, the technology sector has developed with several smart phone brands existing within the country. The country has laid an infrastructure in the communication industry that is fostered by the effective broadcasting strategy adopted by the government (Foss and Knudsen 2003, p. 297). Environmental factors are based on the geographical location of the country. The public opinion of Singtel within Indonesia is good making the provider enjoy goodwill within the country. The business environment is rapidly changing due to new inventions that each country is trying to develop to increase service delivery. This, therefore, enables SingTel to supply customers with cheap material at a lower cost. However, the Indonesian geographical island structure has made it expensive to install cables across the country. Legal factors relate to the legislations that affect the industry, the country introduced company law that allows every company to be a legal entity. The framework for the telecommunications industry comprises specific laws and government regulations that are developed and issue from time to time. The telecommunications law sets guidelines that reform the industry by detailing principles and provisions in the line of business. The two countries also enjoy bilateral relations and being members of Non-Aligned Movement and APEC. Therefore Singapore enjoys very few legal regulations in Indonesia and thus makes investment easier than any other country. The market is easy to enter so long as a competitor meets the requirements as per the law. The tax system within the country is rated between 10 to 15%, and therefore this has a net effect on the tariffs that companies set. Singtel is also affected since it has to set a tariff that meets the profit margin enables payment of company tax. How SingTel competes in the telecommunication industry Indonesia is one of the largest growing economies with opportunities in the communication sector. The young population have disposable income while the country has outpaced its GDP in the recent years providing more income. The telecom providers have to provide a reliable connection across the country and the population. This youthful population demands for cellular data and high connection speed leading to the need for 4G. This population on the other hand has increased cellular subscriptions providing a highly competitive market. Singtel faces major competition from Telkomsel, Strahub and M1. The major competitors have a higher market share within the country with Star-hub offering a higher dividend yield of 5.56% as compared to SingTels 4.78%. This therefore attracts investors who may increase the capital base of the company. Porters five forces reveal that the company has to struggle with competition which gives customers available options within the market customers have a higher bargaining power due to the availability of transparency in pricing making customers analyse the price. The business environment has high barriers to entry as a result of infrastructural costs and the economies of scale owned by the top three companies. Bargaining power of suppliers is high due to the need for the company to invest in new technologies and compete. Low switching costs with the industry have increased threat of substitutes. Furthermore customers are sensitive to prices and continue switching when a new price is offered by any other provider. Competitive rivalry within the industry is high due to the bargaining power of the consumers which leads to price wars. The key drivers of the market are population growth and the emergence of smart phones. This has led to large utilization of telecom services making companies reap more. Therefore SingTel is competing by identifying drivers within each business segment that it operates. For the group consumer, the company has increased coverage quality to ensure speed that satisfies customer experience. In the group enterprise the company has started the cyber security line and further formed partnership with Microsoft for application services. Furthermore, the demand for the premium over the top video has led the company to partner with Sony Pictures Television and Warner Bros that will enable development of a new revenue stream. SingTel has good financial ratios that have led to the higher investment in mobile networks to increase revenue. The company has taken advantage of its higher net profit margin to increase the market share. The company is diversifying its services across different markets. The company gets 74% of its revenue from regions that are outside the mother country. This reduces the vulnerability and the risks that the company may face from selected markets. The company takes advantage of any growth opportunity that can develop in these regions. The company can enter into the partnerships and joint ventures which accounted for the companies increased profit in 2015. Joint ventures are important especially if the company ventures with leaders in specific countries. This is because some of these partners have not fully exploited the available market opportunities in the area. For example in India only 32% of the customers use mobile data which provides a large unexploited market. An analysis of the business environment of SingTel using Ansoffs matrix reveals strategic opportunities that have made the company more productive than other companies. The company keeps growing by penetrating new markets every time. The company traces its roots back in the US and today it has invested in many Asian countries by entering emerging economies. It is one of the major operators in Asia with a bigger presence (Porter Kramer 2006, p. 81; David David FR 2008, p. 47). Kotler Armstrong (2007, p. 7) suggest that the need to stay relevant in business means that firms become innovative and develop products that are new to the market. New products create more opportunities to the company which results in a larger customer base. The company changed its business segments and developed three business units: Group Consumer, Group Enterprise and Group Digital Life. The company has also developed applications used for different purposes in business. Different modes of entry available in the market Carmen (2009, p. 33) argues that entry into new markets can be difficult for a new firm or product. To enter a new market has to establish a particular niche that it can exploit to be able to control the market. Firms that are already in the market develop strategies that ensure that no new entrants can manage entering the market. Allowing new entrants increases competition which reduces profit margins within the firm. The decision to penetrate a new market is the achievement of long term strategic decision that sees the company move to the next level. Companies consider different factors that determine the decision to make when entering a foreign market. There are two major market entry models used by organizations to enter a new market through exports or contractual agreements (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble 2005, p. 23; Waterschoot 2000, p. 187). SingTel has been in the world of telecommunication for quite some time having started from offering telecommunication calls to a wide range of products today. The company has existed independently by running telecommunication services. However, the rise of technology and invention of new products within the telecommunication sector have led to development of new products in the market. New trends in communication are forcing companies to offer platforms that meet the needs of the customer. An educated young generation has led to service providers putting every foot forward to develop technology that can keep them in businesses (Manoj . Shilpa 2013, p. 19; Burton 1995, p. 5) Therefore SingTel can enter into joint ventures with other companies that exist in the market, or it can penetrate a market directly. Depending on the type of product that the company is offering the market, the company can enter into a venture with other firms or it can develop an independent product that can suit the need of the customer (Murray, Ju, and Gao, 2012, p. 55). Ventures help a business to access new markets, share the risks, costs and critical experience that the other business has. Vaidya(2009, p. 12) argues that to penetrate new markets ventures are the easiest option that a company can use. Working with Bharti Airtel, Sony Pictures, Globe Telecom, PT Telekomunikasi, Selular and Advanced Info Service increases market share. Merchant Schendel (2000, p. 739) suggests that joint ventures should be chosen carefully since they can result in the creation of a new competitor and thus reduce the diluted profit. They are also not always profitable since they are affected by f actors like, technology, market place developments, and economic down falls. Therefore the need for proper planning and responsibility sharing is critical in success of any joint venture. Conclusion The business environment is dynamic and keeps changing every time. The telecommunications sector is one of the industries that face changing patterns based on many factors. Companies based in this line of business keep developing new products that meet different needs of the customer. A large customer base and youthful population attracts many companies to join the communications sector (Jobber 2006, p. 12). The population is segmented along business lines that need to be analysed every time. Entering into business ventures is one way of penetrating new markets and increasing the market share. References Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, Vol. 17, pp.99120. Barney, Jay, Is the resource-based view a useful perspective for strategic management research? Yes, Academy of Management Review, 2001, Vol. 26, No. 1, 41-56. Burton J., Composite strategy: the combination of collaboration and competition, Journal of General Management, vol. 21, no. 1, pp.1-23 (1995). Carmen Gasparott, 2009. The internal and external environment analysis of Romanian naval industry with SWOT model. Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol 21(3), 4759. Cavusgil,T.; Knight,G. Riesenberger, J., 2008.International Business - Strategy, Management and the New Realities, London, Pearson. Cadle J, Paul D Turner P, 2010. Business analysis techniques, 72 Essential tools for success, BSC The Chattered Institute for IT. David ME, David FR, David FR, 2008. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (Qspm) Applied To A Retail Computer Store. Coast. Bus. J., 8 (1): 42-52. Foss Nicolai and Knudsen Thorbjrn, June 2003. The Resource-Based Tangle: Towards a Sustainable Explanation of Competitive Advantage, Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 24, No. 4, 291-307. Hoy, F. Stanworth, J., 2003. Franchising: an international perspective, London, Routledge. Hubbard, G. P. Beamish, 2011. Strategic management: thinking, analysis, action, Pearson Education Australia. Jobber D.: Principles Practices of Marketing, McGraw Hill, England, 200 Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. 2007. Principles of Marketing.. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. Manoj Kumar . Shilpa Sharma, 2013. Leadership Management: Principles, Models, and Theories. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. Volume 3, Number 3, pp. 309-318. Martinez P. A., Lopez J. E. N., 2009. Making Foreign Market Entry Decisions Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company, Volume 28, Issue 2 pp. 5259 Merchant, H., Schendel, D., 2000. How do international joint ventures create shareholder value? Strategic Management Journal, 21(7), 723737. Murray Janet Y., Ju Min, and Gao Gerald Y., 2012. Foreign Market Entry Timing Revisited: Trade-off Between Market Share Performance and Firm Survival, Journal of International Marketing, American Marketing Association, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2012, pp. 5064 Porter M. E Kramer M.R., 2006. Strategy and society, the link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility, Harvard Business Review, pp 78-92. Porter, Michael E., 2008. On Competition; 11th edition; Boston: Harvard Business Press. Priem, Richard and Butler, John, Is the resource-based view a useful perspective for strategic management research?, Academy of Management Review, 2001a, Vol. 26, No. 1, 22-40. Reutterer, T., Mild, A., Natter, M. and Taudes, A., 2006. A dynamic segmentation approach for targeting and customizing direct marketing campaigns, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 20(3/4), 4352. Rothaermel, F. T., 2012. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Singtel, 2016. Financial results retrieved from https://info.singtel.com/about-us/investor-relations/financial-results?dispatcher=302. Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J., Gamble, J. E., 2005. Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for competitive advantage: Concepts and cases (4thed.). McGraw Hill, Irwin. Vaidya, Sameer, 2009. International Joint Ventures: an Integrated Framework. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal. Vol. 19, No. 1. Waterschoot Walter van, 2000. The Marketing Mix as a Creator of Differentiation, in Blois Keith, The Oxford Textbook of Marketing, New York, Oxford University Press.

Nucelar Enargy Essay Example For Students

Nucelar Enargy Essay nuclear reactornuclear reactor, device for producing NUCLEAR ENERGY by controlled nuclear reactions. It can be used for either research or power production. The reactor is so constructed that the fission of atomic nuclei produces a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, in which the produced neutrons are able to split other nuclei. A fission reactor consists basically of (1) a fuel, usually uranium or plutonium, enclosed in shielding; (2) a moderatora substance such as graphite, beryllium, or heavy waterthat slows down the neutrons so that they may be more easily captured by the fissionable atoms; and (3) a cooling system that extracts the heat energy produced. The fuel is sometimes enrichedi.e. , its concentration of fissionable isotopes is artificially increasedto increase the frequency of neutron capture. The breeder reactor is a special type of reactor that produces more fissionable atoms than it consumes by using surplus neutrons to transmute certain nonfissionable atoms into fissionable atoms. The design of fusion reactors is still in an experimental stage because of the problems involved in containing the plasma fuel and attaining the high temperatures needed to initiate the reaction.Category: English

Debt and Leverage Ratio Essay Example

Debt and Leverage Ratio Essay I would recommend financial strategies # 2 $100 million purchase price funded by 100% debt. (This is before I did free cash flow forecast for # 9). It will provide the highest tax shield of $17. 49 million for CPP. In addition, Pinkerton has the highest value of $107. 34 million under this strategy. 7. Below is the balance sheet after CPP and Pinkerton acquisition. * CPP market value leverage ratio is 7. 46% and book value leverage is 14. 69% before acquisition. * After acquisition, with $75 million debts, the market value leverage ratio is 52. 9% and the book value leverage ratio is 64. 49%. * After acquisition, with 100 million debts, the market value leverage ratio is 69. 95% and the book value leverage ratio is 85. 14%. 8. Below is the transaction of loss equity. CPP receives $25 million from the bank but gives up $32. 58 million to the bank for the promised 45% equity after acquisition. The cost of doing equity issue is $7. 58 million. Equity Issue with $ 75 million debt| Value of Combined CPP| 147. 4| Minus Long term debt| 75| Equity| 72. 4| Minus 45% to banks| 32. 58| CPP receive| 25| Loss| 7. 58| 9. From the expected cash flow table below, CPP has extra free cash flow by financing $75 million debt compare to financing $100 million. Both strategies provide positive free cash flow for the next five years. From the Pessimistic cash flow table below, CPP has more cash flow by financing $75 million debt compare to financing $100 million. $75 million debt strategy provides positive cash flow for the next five years. On the other hand, $ 100 million debt financing will lead to negative cash flow on the fourth and fifth year. 10. * I would recommend Tom Wathen to bid on Pinkerton. The acquisition with Pinkerton will create synergy and bring incremental free cash flow to CPP. According to the valuation, the value of CPP is about $ 41. 53 million and the value after acquisition will increase to $147 million. * Initially, CPP bided $85 million but was rejected. From the valuation, Pinkerton is worth $108 million (include incremental value) at the expected value and $85 million (include incremental value) at the pessimistic value. If you take the average of $108 million and $85 million it comes to $96 million. Therefore, I would recommend Wathen to bid $96 million. We will write a custom essay sample on Debt and Leverage Ratio specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Debt and Leverage Ratio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Debt and Leverage Ratio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This would ensure that Wathen’s bid would come in at the right price and not be lower than other bidders. * After doing the free cash flow forecast for the next five years there was negative cash flow with $100 million debt in pessimistic period. Wathen should finance $96 million with 75% in debt ($72 million) and $24 million in equity in exchange for 31 % of the equity in the new combined firm. By doing this, it will ensure no equity loss to the bank. In addition, with $72 million in debt and $24 million in equity will ensure no negative cash flow when the economy is bad (in pessimistic period).

Free Essays on Milestones In Communications

The capabilities of modern communications would utterly astound our ancestors. Did you ever stop to think that it took five months for Queen Isabella to hear of Columbus' discovery, or that it took two weeks for Europe to learn of Lincoln's assassination? We take for granted immediate news of everything that is going on in the world, but it was not always so. Modern technology and future predictions are easier to comprehend when we view them in terms of our past. What follows next is a list of what we consider some of the more significant events in the annals of communication. Our list is arbitrary and includes items chosen not only for technological innovation, but for creativity and human interest as well. The Battle of Marathon „o Pheidippides' Run For centuries, the speed of communication was, in essence, the speed of transportation. Perhaps no event so dramatizes this limitation as Pheidippides' run following the battle of Marathon in 490 BC. As told in the history books, a badly outnumbered Greek force defeated an invading Persian army on the plains of Marathon, 20 miles from Athens. Fearing that the defeated Persians would regroup and attack Athens and that the city would surrender without knowing of the victory, the Greek general dispatched his swiftest runner, Pheidippides. As he reached the city, Pheidippides stumbled, delivered his message, and fell dead of exhaustion. Paul Revere ¡Ã‚ ¦s Ride "One if by land and two if by sea" refers to lanterns hung from the North Church in Boston in 1775 to indicate the route the British were taking. The lanterns were the signal for Paul Revere to begin his famous midnight ride, perhaps the most famous communication in American history, immortalized by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem. In actuality, Revere made two rides, on April 16 (to warn the patriots to move their military supplies) and again on April 18 (to tell the people to take up arms.) Few people know that Revere ... Free Essays on Milestones In Communications Free Essays on Milestones In Communications The capabilities of modern communications would utterly astound our ancestors. Did you ever stop to think that it took five months for Queen Isabella to hear of Columbus' discovery, or that it took two weeks for Europe to learn of Lincoln's assassination? We take for granted immediate news of everything that is going on in the world, but it was not always so. Modern technology and future predictions are easier to comprehend when we view them in terms of our past. What follows next is a list of what we consider some of the more significant events in the annals of communication. Our list is arbitrary and includes items chosen not only for technological innovation, but for creativity and human interest as well. The Battle of Marathon „o Pheidippides' Run For centuries, the speed of communication was, in essence, the speed of transportation. Perhaps no event so dramatizes this limitation as Pheidippides' run following the battle of Marathon in 490 BC. As told in the history books, a badly outnumbered Greek force defeated an invading Persian army on the plains of Marathon, 20 miles from Athens. Fearing that the defeated Persians would regroup and attack Athens and that the city would surrender without knowing of the victory, the Greek general dispatched his swiftest runner, Pheidippides. As he reached the city, Pheidippides stumbled, delivered his message, and fell dead of exhaustion. Paul Revere ¡Ã‚ ¦s Ride "One if by land and two if by sea" refers to lanterns hung from the North Church in Boston in 1775 to indicate the route the British were taking. The lanterns were the signal for Paul Revere to begin his famous midnight ride, perhaps the most famous communication in American history, immortalized by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem. In actuality, Revere made two rides, on April 16 (to warn the patriots to move their military supplies) and again on April 18 (to tell the people to take up arms.) Few people know that Revere ...

Sustainability Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability Marketing - Essay Example While economic pressures govern organisational strategies, their social responsibilities have also assumed increased significance. Widespread focus and attention on the issues of corporate social responsibilities and sustainable growth aspects have shaped new governance policies and practices. Such perspectives define the role organisations can play in creating responsible economic, environmental and social well-being of the communities they impact or serve. Several studies and observations made in this context have sparked debates on whether the marketing practices today are suited to an age characterised by environmental deterioration, scarcity of resources, expanding population and growing income disparities. Recent frameworks in this context are shaping innovative marketing practices that are founded on the principles of sustainability. A number of research studies have focused on explaining and exploring the concepts of sustainable marketing. This paper provides a deeper insight into the observations and conclusions provided by these studies and how it has contributed to the evolution of the concept of sustainable marketing practices. ... ion on Environment and Development’s report sustainable development is defined as the â€Å"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (World Bank Group website, 2001). Sustainable development relates to the ability of the organisations to balance the social, economic and environmental objectives. While economic objectives refer to industrial growth, individual needs, community requirements, and services social objectives refer to community empowerment, social mobility, cultural preservation, and equality. These needs and objectives should balance the environmental needs that encompass biodiversity, natural resources, ecosystem, pollution free air and water (Vagasi, 2004). Sustainable marketing remains an ambiguous term considering the paucity of extensive research in this area. Chen et al. (2009) define sustainable marketing as â€Å"the establishment, maintenance and enhancement of c ustomer relationships in order that the objectives of the parties involved are met without compromising the ability of future generations to achieve their own objectives† (p88). The essence of this definition can be related to the principles of sustainable development that are being incorporated by organisations across all disciplines for improved social and ethical business practices. The whole concept of green marketing or sustainable marketing is based on the principle of respecting the environment and considering social benefits as a distinctive part of the goods or services being sold in the market (Kotler et al., 2010). The essence of sustainable marketing practices is visible in various stages of product development, modification of existing products, changes in the production process,

Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Obesity - Essay Example In some instances, obesity is caused by genes disorders, psychiatric illnesses, medications, or even endocrine disorders. Stern & Kazaks (2009) explains that the notion that obese people normally eat little food, but they are overweight because of a slow metabolism process in their body, is false. This is majorly because there is little evidence to support these facts. The major treatment of obesity includes exercising and dieting. Dieting involves improving the quality of food an individual takes, by reducing the consumption of food products that are full of energy (Stern & Kazaks, 2009). This includes food substances such as sugar, fats, etc. It is also recommended that an individual should consume food substances that are rich in dietary fiber. Furthermore, there is a need of taking the anti-obesity drugs, for purposes of reducing the appetite of fatty foods. If the use of dieting and exercising is not sufficient, then it is possible to treat obesity through the use of a gastric balloon or surgery. Surgery may help in reducing the volume of an individual’s stomach, or the length of their bowel. This would in turn help in reducing the nutrients that have the capability of causing obesity. Obesity is a widely researched topic in European countries and also in United States. In a research carried out by National Center for Health Statistics, there is an increase in the number of people living with obesity in United States (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d). That is, more than one hundred million people are living with

The underground world of commercial sex (Real Stories of Prostitution Essay

The underground world of commercial sex (Real Stories of Prostitution in America) - Essay Example Prostitution comes into different forms. It can be in a form of escort service, massage parlours onto the internet, or clubs like the Bunny Ranch. One thing deeply interrelated with prostitution is drug addiction. Most women sex workers depend on drug to be able to work as a prostitute or a hooker. When we talk about this topic, I must say that it is very important to pay consideration to the women and their sides of story. Sometimes we judge them directly for what they are or their profession, but not for who they really are. Some of these women, like those interviewed by Diane Sawyer, are victims of society. A lot of these girls are young who were systematically abused, who ran away from home, who need money, and are very vulnerable to promises that this so called profession can offer. But they stick to the job to live. This means that it is not in their free will that they wanted to have a job like this. They resort to drugs to forget who they are and just do the job to support th em. When they are on duty, they have to forget who they are and fulfil their customers’ fantasies, even if that means pretending to be their pretty nice little girlfriends and whatever they desire. It is just so sad that these women are more likely to get arrested than the johns who pay them.

Women In A Midsummers Night Dream English Literature Essay

Women In A Midsummers Night Dream English Literature Essay Shakespeares female characters are represented across a variety of social classes. In this essay I will explore how Shakespeare portrays women in A Midsummer Nights Dream inclusive of several female characters in this play. This allows us to examine in depth, to a very limited extent, how they were treated in society and the stereotypical roles Elizabethan society imposed upon them. I will be examining specifically the characters and portrayal of Hippolyta, Helena and Hermia and how they defy the stereotypical notion of how women were treated by men. Firstly, the most obvious aspect regarding Shakespeares portrayal of women in this play is that the female gender is commodified. Throughout the play, women are treated like objects to be sold or traded. With reference to the background of the characters Theseus and Hippolyta, Greek mythology states that when Theseus, the Duke of Athens, sailed to the land of the Amazon, the Amazons offered Theseus gifts of peace. However, Theseus kidnapped Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazonians, and forcefully made her his wife.  [1]  This resulted in the war between the Athenians and the Amazons. Theseuss action of claiming Hippolyta as a prize and a wife might show that he treats them as objects rather than human beings.  [2]  This idea is reinforced when Theseus says Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword, and won thy love doing thee injuries (I.i.16-17). This statement refers to how Theseus won the battle with the Amazons and in conquering the Amazons; he has conquered their queen, Hippol yta, both physically and emotionally. Hippolytas lines in this play are of relatively insignificant amount and value as compared to Theseuss. For example, in the first Act, Hippolyta only comforts Theseus by saying that Four days will quickly steep themselves in night; Four nights will quickly dream away the time (I.i.7-8) and they will have the marriage ceremony soon. In addition, Theseus appears to be making the decisions regarding everything, ranging from their marriage to Hermias marriage. This is significant as it shows that Hippolyta is subservient to Theseus as she has little say in these state events despite being seated next to Theseus. In addition, Hippolytas silence could possibly show how she is unhappy about being forced into a marriage with Theseus  [3]  as shown in the 1970s BBC production of A Midsummer Nights Dream. Hippolytas silence could also be seen as a rejection of male dominance.  [4]  However, it is also significant that Hippolyta gets is given more of a voice in the last scene after bein g married and this will be explored later. Another relationship that suggests the marginalizing of women is seen again between Egeus and Hermia. Egeus, Hermias father, has made up his mind to marry Hermia to Demetrius but Hermia refuses to do so. Egeus then brings up this complaint to Theseus, hoping Theseus is able to help him. In doing so, Egeus is shown to regard Hermia as a commodity. Egeus says that Hermia has turned her obedience, which is due to me (I.i.37) and that since she is mine, I may dispose of her (I.i.42). These 2 lines show Egeus treating Hermia as mere property  [5]  because he made her and hence Hermia ought to listen to her fathers instructions. This idea is also proven by some parents in the early 17th century such as Sir Edward Coke who whipped his daughter into marriage with a mentally unsound man.  [6]   Moreover, Theseus becomes the personification of the law in Athens as he tells Hermia to either to die the death, or to abjure for ever the society of men (I.i.65-66). According to the ancient privilege of Athens (I.i.41) a womans father has the right to decide who she should marry and she has no say in his decision. If the woman goes against the wishes of her father, she can either be put to death or to stay a virgin forever by becoming a nun. The number of different options given by both Theseus and Egeus only goes to support the fact that Renaissance women were constrained in the verbal medium and that silence was the virtue most stringently required from Renaissance women.  [7]   However, it is also through these three women that we see the female gender defying the societys treatment of women then. Hippolyta, Helena and Hermia go against the grain in their unique ways and show that despite the limitations and laws that society imposes upon them, they are able to assert themselves and show society that they have the potential to be as capable as men. Critics have said that Shakespeares portrayal of women in this manner could possibly be his own stand on how women should be treated equally as men but since he belongs to the Elizabethan era, it is still difficult to garner Shakespeares precise views on feminism and its issues solely based A Midsummer Nights Dream and even if we could, it is still problematic to judge his 16th 17th century mindset based on the definitions and criteria of twentieth century feminism.  [8]  In addition, Shakespeare is based in the Elizabethan era yet he writes about the lives and attitudes of the ancient Greeks. This suggests that interpreting Shakespeares mindset from his works is only reliable to a small extent. Hence, his representation of women only serves as an understanding to how he was unorthodox in the gender assumptions of his era. One extremely effective method of showing that women should assert having their opinions and rights recognized by men is to have the characters in A Midsummer Nights Dream either engage in a power struggle or a role reversal. The very first power struggle shown in the play exists between Egeus/Theseus and Hermia. In Act 1 Scene 1, Hermia openly defies Egeuss wishes for her to marry Demetrius instead of Lysander. Through Egeuss eyes, Hermia is seen to have a stubborn harshness (I.i.38) and she will not consent to marry with Demetrius (I.i.40). She defies Egeus despite knowing that ancient tradition grants the father power to marry his daughter off whoever he wishes to. Nonetheless, she even conspires with Lysander and agrees to his plan of leaving Athens to Lysanders widow aunt whose house is remote seven leagues (I.i. 159) and out of reach of the sharp Athenian law (I.i.162). While running away might seem like a nuanced and subtle form of defiance, it is still an affirmation of Hermi as rights and freedom as a woman to choose who she marries. In the same scene, she defies Theseus in both her tone and her language. For example, when Theseus tries to persuade Hermia to marry Demetrius by saying that Demetrius is a worthy gentleman (I.i.52) Hermia asserts, So is Lysander (I.i.53). In addition, when Theseus tells Hermia that she faces either a nunnery or death, she replies that My soul consents not to give sovereignty (I.i.82) and she would rather be a nun than having to marry Demetrius. In Hermias case, the act of women asserting themselves is almost unheard of as Shakespeare lived in a patriarchal culture in which authority and privilege is particularly invested in the hands of the patriarch of a family. This shows that women were subordinate to men.  [9]   The most obvious example of gender reversal is between Demetrius and Helena. In Act 2 Scene 1, Helena reminds the audience about this role reversal by saying, We cannot fight for love, as men may do; we should be wooed, and were not made to woo (II.i.241-242). This line refers to how, in this situation, Helena is playing the role of the male chasing after the female (Demetrius) through the woods and persuading Demetrius to love her. Although I acknowledge that Helena is forced to woo Demetrius due to her situation of unrequited love, it is not proper for a woman to behave in this manner in Ancient Greece. This role reversal between Helena and Demetrius suggests that in Ancient Greece, women were generalized as insensible and unable to make proper judgments and hence needed a male guardian.  [10]  By getting Helena to play the role of men, Shakespeare creates comic relief as the audience sees it as ridiculous and absurdly funny. In addition, some members of the audience may feel sympathetic for Helena instead. Inducing sympathy and challenging the audiences perception of women could have been Shakespeares intentions to promote equal treatment regardless of gender. Nonetheless, this seemingly comic situation still holds true to this day as we, to a small extent, still stereotype women as human beings to be wooed by men despite various organizations pushing for female equality. This may be due to our genetic makeup as human beings or cultural influences about women but we do not exactly know. The final instance of a power struggle between the genders occurs between Theseus and Hippolyta. In Act 5 Scene 1, Hippolyta voices out that she disagrees with Theseus on the events that happened to the lovers the previous night. While Theseus says that he may never believe these antique fables (V.i.2-3), Hippolyta disagrees and says that it must have been true because all their minds transfigured together (V.i.24) and it was more witnesseth than fancys images (V.i.25). Hippolytas verbal answer can be seen in two ways. Firstly, Michael Boyd, a stage director implied that Hippolyta has accepted Theseus as she gives her husband a kiss. This suggests that Hippolyta is simply discussing the whole issue about the lovers with Theseus. The darker way of looking at this is that Hippolyta is involved in struggles for power in a patriarchal society.  [11]  In doing so, Hippolyta empowers the female gender by going against how women were supposed to be submissive and agreeable to their husb ands. In conclusion, I hope this essay demonstrates Shakespeares several conscious and subconscious feminist intentions, through A Midsummer Nights Dream, in his portrayal of women as opposition to the supposed virtues of marriage.  [12]  More importantly, this paper would have suggested that A Midsummer Nights Dream may be interpreted to imply Shakespeare being a proto-feminist who understood and sympathized women who were treated unfairly.

Science Technology Company Essay -- Science Technology Company Busines

Science Technology Company Bill Watson of Science Technology Company (STC) should not discuss the current 5-year financing plan prepared by Harry Finson, the chief financial officer, at the forthcoming board meeting. The industry that STC is in has short product life cycle, rapid technology obsolescence and fast growth with increasing competition. In fact, STC’s strategy to survive the competition is to maintain leadership in ATE segment and to further compete in the large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits segment by chasing market share and spreading high R&D cost over large sales. However, the large sales growth seems to be more difficult to obtain with the newly added competition. Based on historical trend, level of competition, and other related industry figures; It is suggested that a more reasonable 12.8% annual growth projection be used. STC is losing cash flow in both its operating and investing activities; therefore projections of 30% sales growth are overly optimistic and unreliable. When STC began they only competed against a handful of companies, and although they currently hold the dominant share of the market, this increase in competition could upset future revenue. Increasing competition in the ATE segment will inevitably induce price wars, which will further deplete the profit margin of the company. If price wars were to take place, Teradyne seems to be the reasonable winner. In fact, over the last 5 years, Teradyne has amassed a tota...

Born in China Essay

I was born in China, a country that has long been known for its excellence and leadership in terms of math ability and numerical problems solving. Just like any Chinese child, I was raised surrounded by numbers and even learned to count in numerical order in Chinese and English before I learned the alphabet. In 1996, my family migrated to Hong Kong where I continued with my education. It was during this educational period that my love for numbers slowly emerged. Nobody could seem to understand, not even I, why I could not sit still in the classroom and listen to the teacher as she taught our classes but then sit very still and attentively every time the subjects leaned towards the Math and Science subjects. While I was bored during the other classes and almost falling asleep in my chair, I would come to life and be the most active participant during classroom discussions that involved numbers. By the end of my secondary school education in Hong Kong, it was pretty obvious to everyone around me that I had a very good head for Math and that this unique ability should be honed and harnessed in order to help my development as a person and member of society. I was lucky enough to have been given a chance to come to the USA in order to under take my college education. This began with my attendance at the Pasadena City College for one year and then my eventual move to East Los Angeles College. My major in both colleges has consistently been Business and Accounting. This is evident in all my grade transcripts as it shows that I performed quite remarkably in the Accounting related subjects while I struggled in the others. Somebody once asked me if I thought that Accounting was unfair because some people excelled in the subject while others did not. At first I was not sure about how to answer his question but then I realized that Accounting is not an unfair thing. The problem that most people have with accounting is that they have very short attention spans. A short attention span has no place in the accounting field because this exacting numbers crunching game requires an analytical eye and tremendous patience in order to be able to properly analyze and give attention to each and every number indicated on the spreadsheet. Accounting is not for the impatient. I will admit that Accounting is a true passion for me. I can work on any accounting scenario for hours on end and not get tired of it. I guess this is why my aunt decided to hire me to work at her dental office. She asked me to come and work for her as her accountant. I was ecstatic when she offered me the job because for me, an accounting job is a dream come true. Anybody who know show crazy I am about Accounting will attest to the fact that I can spend a whole day staring at balance sheet and comparing accounting records. Actually, one of my favorite activities at my aunts office, Garfield Dental, was to work on the forms for the insurance payments, aside from working at the front desk and doing other paperwork for the office. Indeed, numbers is the greatest passion of my life. It is the one other thing that, aside from my parents, taught me the value, patience, hard work, concentration, and discipline. Numbers was the one constant in my life that I could depend upon. Accounting problems are definite and therefore the outcome will always be the same. The solutions remain constantly unchanging. Accounting and Math are passions that are not easily shared with other people. Yet those that do share that kind of passion have a higher level of maturity and sense of discipline. Truly, these are the kinds of passions that the French philosopher Dennis Diderot was referring to when he said that â€Å" only passions, great passions, can elevate the soul to great things. † Such is my passion for Accounting and such also, is the passion for learning that I shall take with me once I am admitted as a student into USC.

The Fact-packed Email Subject

The Fact-packed Email Subject The Fact-packed Email Subject The Fact-packed Email Subject By Michael For important email messages, try to see how much content you can get into your subject line. I dont mean you should try to see how long a subject line you can write 60 or 80 characters should be the maximum. No, but sometimes you want to get your message across through the subject line alone, so the recipient can get the urgent news even before reading the whole message. For example, if youre organizing a Toastmasters meeting, try something like, Tech-Talk Toastmasters, Friday noon, Jims Restaurant. But you say, If I put too much in the subject, nobody will read the rest of the email. Then make it Fridays Toastmasters meeting agenda. What subject line do you use when cold-calling, or sending an email to someone who doesnt expect it? Use specific details that a spammer wouldnt. For example, If you want to discuss a new paint thinner with a professional painter in your rainy town of Oakhurst, use an email subject such as Better paint thinner for Oakhurst humidity. If youre contacting someone upon the recommendation of someone elses, put the recommenders name in the subject line. Even if the email is unsolicited, the details are authentic enough, and the product benefits are real enough, that your subject line may convince the painter to open the email. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?10 Colloquial Terms and Their MeaningsThe Uses of â€Å"The†

3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers

3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers 3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers 3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, the subject of the main clause is not logically associated with the subordinate clause, so the former must be recast to begin with the noun or pronoun in the sentence that the latter applies to, or the sentence must be revised so that a subject that pertains to the additional information provided at the head of the sentence replaces the inapt noun or pronoun. Discussion following each example explains the unsuitably of the existing subject, and revisions demonstrate how the sentences can be repaired. 1. Broken by unresolved trauma, the apocalypse is slowly wearing her down. The person referred to, not the apocalypse, is broken by unresolved trauma, so she must be the subject of the main clause: â€Å"Broken by unresolved trauma, she is slowly being worn down by the apocalypse.† 2. As a valued customer of World Wide Wickets, we would like to extend an invitation to you to view some exclusive deals on our products. Because we is the first word that follows the subordinate clause, the erroneous implication is that the entity self-described as â€Å"we† is a valued customer of the company, so the sentence must be recast to place the entity â€Å"you† in that role; the â€Å"we† can safely be omitted: â€Å"As a valued customer of World Wide Wickets, you are cordially invited to view some exclusive deals on our products.† 3. Appearing on the cover of Time magazine in 1994, tales of his exploits on the job turned him into a local legend. This sentence implies that tales of a person’s exploits appeared on the cover of the magazine, but it was he himself who appeared on the cover, and the role of the tales in turning him into a local legend is a separate matter: â€Å"He appeared on the cover of Time magazine in 1994, and tales of his exploits on the job turned him into a local legend.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†The Parts of a Word7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Mina O'Reilly at Logan Airport's TSA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mina O'Reilly at Logan Airport's TSA - Essay Example The supervisor under whose jurisdiction the TSO was appointed was Mina O’Reilly. Mina O’Reilly has a very good track record and it is because of her supervision, that Logan airport was declared as the airport of the year. Ludo Sanchez was also a hard-working efficient TSO who not only took his responsibilities seriously but also delivered them with dedication. He had a magical effect on the checkpoint. He was also offered promotion which he denied as he wanted to work as a frontline employee. So Mina O’Reilly had strong faith in his dutifulness and had no doubt in his dedication towards his work. However, the recent security breach has questioned the past notion of Mina O’Reilly for Ludo Sanchez. The security breach took place when Ludo Sanchez made a phone call to his daughter and was telling her to complete her homework on time. The call lasted for just a few minutes, but within this few minutes a man carrying a blue hand bag passed the exit lane to the sterile terminal area without security check. Flights got delayed as the blue bag the man was carrying needed to be identified and checked, so that there is no fear of explosives or hazardous elements on plan. All these delays and confusion occurred just because one security breach for which Ludo Sanchez was responsible. Mina O’Reilly is now the responsible person to take measures against this security breach. Mina O’Reilly Steps against Security Breach of Ludo Sanchez Mina O’Reilly received the detailed feedback from Lead Transportation Security Officer (LTSO). She was the one to decide what next steps to be taken against Ludo Sanchez. Though she had the power to terminate Sanchez immediately for his negligence, but she did not wanted to do it because Sanchez had a very good past performance record, and he was a very dedicated employee of the company. O’Reilly had several options in front of her to deal with the situation, but she had to choose one among them. She can assign Sanchez’s duty to a position which requires lower security, such as the exit lane, but ironically that was the position the security breach took place, when Sanchez was distracted. The second option would be to give him a verbal warning and developing a specific performance development plan for him to improve his performance and attentiveness. Third, option would be to send him for retraining and counseling. These were the probable options that O’Reilly can refer to for deciding her ultimate steps in Sanchez’s case. O’Reilly should be combining the options that she has decided; this means that she should give a verbal warning to Sanchez for his negligence. He should be sent for retraining and counseling, so that the protocols would be explained to him ones more and counseling would stop him from getting discouraged or de-motivated through the mistake that happened because of his negligence (Buchler, 2011, p. 231-233). Model of Employ ment The model of employment of Transportation Security Administration (TSA) signifies the organizational structure of the agency. In TSA the TSO’s position was the entry level position who worked as screening units. The annual salaries of these TSOs are $25,000 to $35,000. There were approximately 760 TSOs. They are responsible for travel document checking, checking luggage through X-ray machine, metal detectors, monitoring the exit lane, tracking explosive devices, etc. For each or these duties LTSO is assigned. There are about 148 LTSO. They handle a team of TSOs. Then

What is data mining and how can it bring benefits to a business Essay

What is data mining and how can it bring benefits to a business organisation - Essay Example 2007).Data mining is incorporated for gaining in depth patterns for market intelligence from data warehouses containing massive amount of data. However, the issue that arises is not the quantity of data, as we already have massive amount of data to work with, it is the methodology that is required to learn data. Likewise, data provides all the attributes but how to utilize them for gaining benefit is another question. This is the area that is addressed by data mining, as it is used for extracting valuable information from large amount of data saved on periodic basis. Likewise, information that can be extracted may contain relationships and different patterns. For instance, a retail store may indicate that some products are more in demand in one channel of distribution, there may be two different products that are sold at the same time in a specific geographic location, some specific products are more in demand in some geographic locations and similarly, some products are more demandi ng in certain events may be associated with religious events. If we take an example of Wal-Mart, the store has found that if there is a probability of a hurricane, the demand of beet increases in that specific geographical area, therefore, stores have to stock more beers that usual in this sort of situation (Keating 2008). Employee associated with utilizing patterns of customer behavior from data mining, i.e. a financial analyst would seek facets of the store or organization that may become bankrupt, similarly, human resource managers would seek information of a successful potential employee, employees working in a credit card department would like to get information associated with credit card debts payments from potential customers and also to analyze the legitimate credit card transactions against the falsified ones, marketing department executives would like to extract information associated with product

The Relevance of CD Sleeve Design in Todays Market Essay

The Relevance of CD Sleeve Design in Todays Market - Essay Example The focus of this paper is to explore the role of the CD cover in today’s emerging market of instant access to music Vis a Vis the internet. Virtually any song by any artist can be downloaded to our computer in a matter of minutes. We will discuss the future of the CD cover in relation to this emerging trend. Like the CD replaced the vinyl record album, will MP3s replace the necessity for CDs and their artwork? However, before we look to the future of this art form, we need to first understand its past Section one of the paper will look at the history of the album cover and how it evolved to the artwork of the CD cover from inception to current use. The purpose of the cover will be discussed. Next we will discuss the relevance of the cover and lastly the outlook for its future. As we make our journey from the past to tomorrow visual representation will be used. It is true what they say at times, â€Å"A picture speaks a thousand words.† Album covers are indelible symbols of what can happen when the boundless creative forces and extravagant minds of the world’s most successful artists and musicians collide. When you add an infusion of corporate label politics plus a significant historical context, the results are anything but ordinary. Columbia Records came into existence in 1939. It was there that a fledgling graphic designer by the name of Alex Steinweiss developed an idea that would revolutionize the music market and change forever how we viewed the modern phonographic album.

Debate on School Uniform Essay Example for Free

Debate on School Uniform Essay Today we are seeing that the younger generations are becoming more preoccupied with fitting into the latest fashion trends. School administrations have noticed that dress code violations could be an attribute to the lack of performance in the classrooms. Public schools across America are searching for answers to enhance a better learning environment for the students. Taking all this into consideration, school uniforms would be a great idea to alleviate some of the negativity kids face due to societies apparel obsessions. In addition to what has been mentioned, studies have shown positive results with the use of public school uniforms. If it means that the schoolrooms will be more orderly, more disciplined, Mr. Clinton said, and that our young people will learn to evaluate themselves by what they are on the inside instead of what theyre wearing on the outside, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms (Mitchell, 1996). I believe a requirement of school uniforms should be implemented in all public elementary and middle schools. Read more: Should uniforms be mandatory essay In the name of putting â€Å"discipline and learning back in our schools† President Clinton instructed the Federal Education Department today to distribute manuals to the nation’s sixteen thousand school districts advising them how they can legally enforce a school uniform policy. If it means that the schoolrooms will be more orderly, more disciplined,† Mr. Clinton said, â€Å"and that our young people will learn to evaluate themselves by what they are on the inside instead of what they’re wearing on the outside, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms† (Mitchell, 1996). â€Å"It’s a fashion trend that’s spreading from Los Angeles to Louisiana, from Maryland to Miami, public schools are discussing, and in many cases adopting, the old private school idea. School uniforms are designed to help kids focus on algebra instead of high-tops; to make students compete for grades rather than jackets (www. pbs. org). In 1987, the first public school Cherry Hill Elementary in Baltimore, MD instituted a school uniform policy. Later in 1994, the Long Beach Unified School District in California adopted a mandatory uniform policy in some of its schools, making it the first urban district to do so. Before long there was a considerable increase in the use of uniform. For example, ninety-five percent of New Orleans’ public schools require uniforms, eighty-five percent of Cleveland, eighty percent of Chicago, sixty-five percent of Boston, sixty percent of Miami, and fifty percent of Cincinnati’s public School changed to uniforms (www. education. org). New York City, which is the largest school district in the US, has adopted the school uniform policy. The largest school district in the U. S. has adopted school uniforms. Over a half-million elementary-school students in New York City will have to adhere to a dress code by the fall of 1999. The president of the school board said the policy is â€Å"important to diminish peer pressure and promote school pride,† but that it’s not â€Å"an act of magic to transform schools overnight†¦ It isn’t going to replace a good teaching, good principals, and small classrooms. †(www. pbs. org). The National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) conducted a phone survey of seven hundred and fifty five principals in 2000, which revealed that twenty one percent of all public schools had a uniform policy (www. education. org). Another reason that schools have decided to conform to uniform policy is because some students arrive at school in T-shirts that bear slogans or graphics promoting drugs and alcohol, or that display a variety of messages that conflict with values the schools are trying to promote. Others may swagger around the halls in gang-related garb. Also, others may show up in sexually provocative clothing. These issues, as well as a desire to minimize socioeconomic tensions between the â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have not’s†, have spurred some schools to adopt more stringent dress codes or to require students to wear uniforms. As the Department of Education’s Manual on School Uniform notes, â€Å"Uniforms by themselves cannot solve all of the problems of school discipline, but they can be one positive contributing factor to discipline and safety† (Lumsden, Miller, 2002). Some authors contend that uniforms lessen emphasis on fashion, reduce the financial burden of low-income families, and promote peer acceptance, school pride, and learning. In a ten-state survey of elementary and middle school principals conducted two years ago by the National Association of Elementary School Principals and the clothing company Lands’ End, eleven percent of respondents said that their schools mandate uniforms, and another fifteen percent were considering such a policy. Others recent survey indicated that support for uniforms are growing among parents as well. In one survey, fifty-six percent of parents said they would support a school uniform policy (Lumsden, Miller, 2002). School uniforms also take the pressure off students to pay top dollar for clothes, according to Reginald Wilson, a senior scholar at the American Council on Education in Washington, D. C. I think it does lower the cost of clothes, and kids dont emphasize clothes as much when theyre all wearing the same thing, Wilson said. Certainly the competition to wear the best shoes or the best sweaters and so forth has been prevalent in school ever since I was in school, and the poor kids felt inferior (www. pbs. org). Deborah L. Elder wrote about an evaluation of school uniform policy at John Adams and Truman Middle Schools for Albuquerque public schools. In the beginning in the fall of 1998 under a policy started by parent’s students at John Adams and Truman Middle Schools in Albuquerque were required to wear tuck-in polo shirts and khaki pants or skirts. Elder reports on an evaluation of this policy that used interviews, focus groups, and surveys, along with data on discipline referrals and numbers of students achieving honor-roll status. During the first semester of the 1998-1999 school year, both schools experienced a clear improvement in student conduct from the previous year. At John Adams Middle School, discipline referrals fell from one thousand five hundred and sixty-five during the first semester of the previous year to four hundred and five. At Truman, referrals dropped from one thousand one hundred and thirty-nine to eight hundred and fifty. Students, teachers, and parents stated in interviews â€Å"uniforms place all students on an equal level,† Elder writes, â€Å"Students who may be immediately labeled by peers and staff no longer stand out. † Survey data showed that seventy-five percent of parents and eighty-nine percent of staff supported uniforms and believed they decreased violence, theft, and gang activity, Although only fifteen percent of students supported uniforms, fifty-nine percent agreed that â€Å"school uniforms help school officials identify trespassers on campus. † Concerns about school violence have led to increased interest in and acceptance of uniform policies. In the wake of school shootings, communities and schools are much more willing to embrace uniforms as well as a number of other strategies to enhance student safety. Curbing gang-related violence was the primary goal of the Long Beach (CA) Unified School District when, in 1994, it began requiring students in all its elementary and middle schools to wear uniforms, In the Dysart Unified School District outside Phoenix, Arizona, eliminating some of the stigma associated with clothes was the main motivation behind the adoption of uniforms. Even before the recent series of school shootings, a survey of principals conducted by the National Association of Secondary School Principals found strong support for uniforms. In addition to having a sense that uniform may aid in violence prevention, many administrators believe that uniforms will reduce discipline referrals, while improving attendance, achievement, self-esteem, and school climate. A study of middle school students in the Charleston (SC) School District fount that school uniforms did appear to alter students’ perceptions of school climate. Students attending district schools that required uniforms viewed their school climates more positively than did students enrolled in schools where uniforms were not mandatory. Additional benefits credited to school uniforms include improved discipline, increased respect for teachers, increased school attendance, fewer distractions, improved academic performance, increased self-esteem and confidence, lower overall clothing costs, promotion of group spirit, reduction in social stratification and fashion statements, improved classroom behavior, lower rates of school crime and violence, and easy identification of nonstudents (Lumsden, 2001). Many opponents believe that dictating what students wear to school violates their constitutional right to freedom of expression (Lumsden,Miller, 2002). People oppose uniforms point to unnecessary violations of students First Amendment rights, authoritarian regimentation, extraordinary expenditures on special clothing, an environmental tone that is harmful to education and learning, and cosmetic solution to deeper societal problems. Students First Amendment right to freedom of expression, and whether it is being abridged, is one of the fundamental issues raised, Several legal challenges have asserted that students freedom to select what to wear to school is a form of self-expression that schools are not entitled to interfere with (Lumsden, 2001). In a recent case, Littlefield v. Forney, parents challenged a school uniform policy adopted by the Forney, Texas school board. The policy required students to wear polo shirts, oxford shirts, or blouses in any of four specified solid colors, with blue or khaki pants, shorts, skirts, or jumpers. Denim, leather, suede, vinyl, and spandex were off-limits, as were baggy clothes and specific types of shoes. The parents claimed that the district’s policy violated â€Å"the right of parents to control the upbringing and education of their own children. † The plaintiff also argued that the policy interfered with students’ freedom of expression and forced them to express ideas with which they might disagree. In addition, they also declared that the procedures for opting out of the policy violated their religious freedom by allowing school officials to assess the sincerity of people’s religious belief. The federal district court dismissed the suit without a trial, but the plaintiffs then appealed to the 5th Circuit Court, where the ruling of the lower court was upheld. In its decision, the 5th Circuit Court indicated that students’ free-speech right to select their own clothes is â€Å"not absolute,† and that this right must be balanced against a school board’s stated interests in adopting a dress code or uniform policy. To decide whether a specific uniform or dress code policy is permissible under the Constitution’s free-speech clause, the court used a four-pronged test it had previously applied in another school uniform case, Canady v. Bossier Parish School Board. The court looked at four criteria: the school board must have the power to make a policy, the policy must promote a substantial interest of the board, the adoption of the policy must not be an attempt to censor student expression, and the policy’s â€Å"incidental† restrictions on student expression must not be greater than necessary to promote the board’s interest. In this case, the 5th Circuit found that all four criteria were satisfied and that the district’s school uniform policy therefore did not violate students’ right to free expression. The court also ruled that parents’ rights to control their children’s upbringing, including their education, cannot override school rules that are considered â€Å"reasonable† to maintain an appropriate educational environment. In this case, the court concluded that the uniform policy was â€Å"rationally related† to the interests of the school board in â€Å"promoting education, improving student safety, increasing attendance, decreasing dropout rates, and reducing socioeconomic tensions among students. † The parents’ argument that the opt-out procedure violated religious freedom because if gave school officials the authority to judge the sincerity and content of families’ religious beliefs was also rejected by the court. Their decision was based on the policy not containing any religious goals; they did not have the effect of advancing or hindering any particular faith over any other; and did not excessively â€Å"entangle† school officials in religious beliefs (Lumsden, and Miller, 2002). Public schools that have already put uniform into place have seen improvement. Kids are less focus on what they are wearing, and more focus on schoolwork. Kids are not focused on what they should wear the next day for school and you won’t have kids up early looking for clothes to wear to school. Elementary and Middle Schools will see significant change once uniforms are put into place. School uniforms are a great way to preserve the level of social equality amongst the students. The thought of knowing the social background is prevented. It makes kids treat each other equally; not judging by what clothes they wear. Students will learn to respect each other on the foundation of how they get along and not how sexy they look. Humiliating or bullying other kids will decrease or stop altogether. The level of distraction is considerably reduced. Since students will be dressing in similar clothing, which will be distinctive to the school, the students will build up a sense of belonging and loyalty to the school. School uniforms will help avoid incidents of complicated situations (inferiority and superiority). Students will not be known by what they wear, but by how they perform. Kids can build team spirit. When you wear specific colors, a sense of unity can be developed. Similar clothing promotes team spirit. School uniforms encourage a sense of ownership and discipline. Therefore, I strongly believe school uniforms should be a requirement for public school students in the elementary and middle schools. Overall, implementing school uniform in elementary and middle public school will be beneficial, as I have mentioned above. Kids may not be happy about it at first, but they will eventually catch on. I personally work with middle school kids who go to public school and wear uniforms. They did not like it at first, but what they all agree on is how they don’t have to decide on what to wear. References Lumsden, Linda and Gabriel Miller. Dress Codes and Uniforms. 2002. National Association of Elementary School Principals, Alexandria, VA. 19 6 2012 . Lumsden, Linda. Uniforms and Dress-Code Policies. Eugene, May 2001. Mitchell, Alison. New York Times: Clinton Will Advise Schools on Uniforms. 25 February 1996. 23 June 2012 . Public School Uniform Statistics. 2012. 19 6 2012 . School Uniforms. 21 6 2012 .

THE BIOSPHERE :: essays research papers fc

Biosphere:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The biosphere is part of the earth in which life exists. It is 20 kilometers thick from the bottom of the ocean to the lower atmosphere. It consists of three layers: the lithosphere, which is the land on the surface of the earth; the hydrosphere, which comprises of the water on the earth as well as water vapor in the air; and the atmosphere, which is made up of the air that surrounds the earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The living organisms in the biosphere interact and affect each other in many ways. This is called a biotic community. There are non-living elements that have an effect on living organisms, these are considered abiotic factors. Some examples of abiotic factors are air, temperature, water, soil, light, and minerals. In a biosphere, organisms live in special groupings -- for instance - a population consists of all individuals of a type living in a general area. An community is a population located in a certain area living among different species. An ecosystem is a larger mass of a population, a community, and abiotic factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ecosystems can be aquatic or terrestrial. The earth's aquatic ecosystem makes up about 75% of the earth's surface. This aquatic environment is divided into marine and freshwater environments. The earth's earthly ecosystem is mainly made up of forests and deserts, which make up for 25% of the earth's surface. The role or function of an organism in a community is that organism's function. An organism's role is an area picked by that organism based on physical factors such as temperature, light, oxygen and carbon dioxide content and biological factors such as food, competition for resources and predators. This niche provides the organism a place to live in. A habitat remains consistent with an organism's niche as well as provides the organism with a place to reproduce. In this case, organisms may have the same habitat, but different niches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three types of relationships involving the interactions between organisms. They are mutualism* (mutually beneficial association between different kinds of organisms), commensalisms* (a relation between two kinds of organisms in which one obtains food or other benefits from the other without damaging or benefiting it), and parasitism* (an intimate association between organisms of tow of more kind; especially: one of which a parasite obtains from a host which it usually injures.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.) Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit from their interaction with each other.

Shakespeare And Frost - Masters Of Their Trade :: essays research papers

"The art of the poet is to explore the very questions of human existence". The art of poetry is a deep and involved process, which when used properly to infer an existentialist message, can turn lines of ink into a work of art. Major and famous authors of times past and present have frequently, and continue to deal with these issues of human existence. Two of these masters, William Shakespeare and Robert Frost are examples of writers who have made the step from poetry to works of art. This is shown in Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road and in Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 30 where major existentialist and metaphysical themes are dealt with. Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road, includes major metaphysical and existentialist themes that are clearly portrayed by the poet, Frost, in a story about travellers who’s journey has been bared by a hurdle, represented by a fallen tree. "The tree the tempest with a crash of wood, Thrown down in front of us is not to bar Our passage to our journeys end for good." The first three lines of this stanza already expose this existentialist message. When read literally we see a group of travellers whose passage has been impeded by a tree which has fallen across the path of these travellers, however when we read deeper into the passage we find Frost referring to "Our journey", a term commonly used in existential writing as a description of life, and the tree a representation of the problems or hurdles faced in life. In his poetry Frost commonly refers to life as "his journey" and in this instance Frost has written about the unexpected challenges, distractions and hurdles thrown into life, which can side track or take our minds of the "journey" at hand. Frost continues his existentialist theme by going on to say: "We will not be put off our final goal We have it hidden in us to obtain." Frost believes that every individual has the ability to reach the goals they have set while on their "journey", and every person needs to have goals set, otherwise their would be no need to partake this journey, therefore answering this question "why are we here", and along with his use of natural imagery, simple language and symbolism Frost is able to deal with the major existentialist question and concepts. Shakespeare And Frost - Masters Of Their Trade :: essays research papers "The art of the poet is to explore the very questions of human existence". The art of poetry is a deep and involved process, which when used properly to infer an existentialist message, can turn lines of ink into a work of art. Major and famous authors of times past and present have frequently, and continue to deal with these issues of human existence. Two of these masters, William Shakespeare and Robert Frost are examples of writers who have made the step from poetry to works of art. This is shown in Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road and in Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 30 where major existentialist and metaphysical themes are dealt with. Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road, includes major metaphysical and existentialist themes that are clearly portrayed by the poet, Frost, in a story about travellers who’s journey has been bared by a hurdle, represented by a fallen tree. "The tree the tempest with a crash of wood, Thrown down in front of us is not to bar Our passage to our journeys end for good." The first three lines of this stanza already expose this existentialist message. When read literally we see a group of travellers whose passage has been impeded by a tree which has fallen across the path of these travellers, however when we read deeper into the passage we find Frost referring to "Our journey", a term commonly used in existential writing as a description of life, and the tree a representation of the problems or hurdles faced in life. In his poetry Frost commonly refers to life as "his journey" and in this instance Frost has written about the unexpected challenges, distractions and hurdles thrown into life, which can side track or take our minds of the "journey" at hand. Frost continues his existentialist theme by going on to say: "We will not be put off our final goal We have it hidden in us to obtain." Frost believes that every individual has the ability to reach the goals they have set while on their "journey", and every person needs to have goals set, otherwise their would be no need to partake this journey, therefore answering this question "why are we here", and along with his use of natural imagery, simple language and symbolism Frost is able to deal with the major existentialist question and concepts.